Winnie Barong
This study investigates the dynamics, drivers, and mitigation of human–elephant conflict (HEC) in Boki Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria, one of West Africa’s last remaining strongholds for the forest elephant (Loxodonta cyclotis). Increasing agricultural expansion, habitat fragmentation, and human encroachment into forest margins have heightened the frequency and severity of crop destruction incidents, posing a significant threat to both local livelihoods and wildlife conservation.
Communities such as Bamba, Bashu, and Abo-Mkpang experience recurrent crop raids, particularly on cocoa and food crops, resulting in substantial economic losses and heightened tensions between humans and elephants.
Baseline assessment carried out through participatory stakeholders mapping and focus group discussions with farmers, peer groups, and traditional leaders (red cap chiefs) from Bamba, Abo-Mkpang, and Bashu communities © Winnie Barong Ribue
The primary objective of this research is to generate empirical evidence on the patterns, scale, and socio-economic impacts of HEC and to develop locally adapted strategies that promote human–elephant coexistence. Using structured household surveys, participatory rural appraisal tools, and geospatial mapping, the study will identify conflict hotspots and evaluate the effectiveness of traditional and modern deterrent methods. Subsequently, community-driven pilot mitigation measures such as beehive fences and chilligrease barriers will be designed and tested in collaboration with local stakeholders.
Participatory conflict mapping conducted alongside structured household surveys and questionnaire-based data collection with the rural dwellers using focus group discussions in Abo-Mkpang © Winnie Barong Ribue
Beyond documenting the ecological and social dimensions of conflict, the project aims to build local capacity for conflict monitoring, conservation education, and participatory management. Through awareness campaigns, school outreach programmes, and collaborative stakeholder workshops, the study will foster a conservation ethic rooted in community participation and shared responsibility.
Field surveys and conflict hotspot mapping of elephant-induced destruction of farmlands in Bamba, Abo-Mkpang, and Bashu communities ©Winnie Barong Ribue
This research is expected to contribute both practically and academically by producing evidence-based recommendations for managing HEC in tropical forest landscapes. Its findings will inform the management of the Okwangwo Division of Cross River National Park and the Mbe Mountain Wildlife Sanctuary sites of high global conservation importance and support policy actions toward sustainable coexistence between humans and elephants in Nigeria and across the West African subregion.