Scaling Up Conservation Efforts to Protect the Three Sisters Pygmy Chameleons and Their Habitats in the South Nguru Mountains, Tanzania

22 Jul 2025 South Nguru Mountains, Morogoro Region, Tanzania, Africa Education | Forests | Reptiles

Eva Johnson Ayaro


Other projects

9 Aug 2023

Conservation initiative for Critically Endangered Nguru Spiny Pygmy Chameleon (Rhampoleon acuminatus) in Mkingu Nature Reserve, Tanzania

This project aims to scale up conservation efforts for the threatened “Three Sisters Pygmy Chameleons” – Rhampholeon acuminatus, Rhampholeon princeeai, and Rhampholeon waynelotteri – endemic to the South Nguru Mountains in Tanzania. These unique reptiles have extremely restricted distributions and depend on highly specialised microhabitats within the Mkingu and Kanga Forest Reserves. However, they face mounting threats from habitat degradation driven by agricultural expansion and illegal logging activities.

Rhampholeon waynelotteri. © Eva Johnson.

Rhampholeon waynelotteri. © Eva Johnson.

Building upon the foundation laid by my first Rufford Small Grant, this second phase expands the scope to include ecological studies on all three species, threat assessments, habitat modelling, and critical community-based outreach. Fieldwork will involve estimating population sizes, identifying habitat characteristics, and analysing the ecological interactions between the species. We will also map patterns of habitat disturbance and investigate the existence and drivers of illegal trade through interviews and stakeholder engagement.

Conservation education is a key pillar of the project. We aim to increase awareness among local communities and schools through interactive workshops, field-based learning, and the distribution of locally adapted conservation materials. This project also includes training for early-career Tanzanian conservationists, strengthening national capacity to protect threatened reptile species.

The work will generate high-quality ecological and socio-economic data to support the reassessment of conservation status for R. princeeai and R. waynelotteri, and contribute to potential IUCN Red Listing and CITES inclusion. This research will provide valuable insights for policy advocacy and improved protection mechanisms.

My long-standing relationships with communities, conservation authorities, and stakeholders in the South Nguru Mountains ensure that this initiative is deeply rooted in local realities. By combining rigorous science with education, advocacy and community involvement, this project seeks to develop a scalable conservation model that not only protects the “Three Sisters Pygmy Chameleons” but also strengthens the resilience of forest ecosystems and the people who depend on them.

Header photo: Rhampoleon acuminatus. © Eva Johnson.

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