After declaration of the buffer zone, a better management and conservation of the buffer zone forest has created extra habitat around national parks and wildlife reserves consequently movement of wild animals increased. As these forests are multiple use zones, local people may interface with tigers and other dangerous animals. Contrary to this, as tigers continue to loose their habitat and natural prey species due to exponential growth of human population, they are increasingly coming into conflict with humans as they attack domestic animals and people. In retaliation, tigers are often killed by authorities or angry villagers, or else captured and kept in zoos. Villagers use easy way of killing tigers by poisoning of its kill which have cumulative detrimental ecological effects. Conflict with human has been found a significant problem, particularly in Malaysia, Nepal, Bangladesh and India. In last 27 years, 27 tigers and 97 human became victim of human tiger conflict in low land Nepal. Similarly, 3000 livestock were killed in the period.

The negative consequences of human tiger conflict may have serious effect up on long term survival of the tiger. When tiger population is small, it may have significant demographic impact via subsequent loss of gene flow resulting genetic swamping and even inbreeding too. Two sub species of tigers-Javan and Bali- were extinct due to human wildlife conflict. For long term survival, gene flow across the sub population is necessary. In fragmented habitat of today, much dispersal occurs via sub optimal habitat where conflict intensity is high which will hinder the dispersal and flow of gene.

I shall use primary and secondary data. Face to face questionnaire survey, key person interview and group discussion will be used to collect primary data. The secondary data will be collected from national park office and buffer zone management records. This study will investigate the intensity of human tiger conflict and explore the ways of minimizing it. I will compare the conflict driven mortality in multiple use zone and core zone, it will find the better management option of these multiple use zone to reduce conflict and better long term tiger conservation.